What Are the Traditions of China's Winter Counting of Nines?

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Quick Tips for Staying Warm During the Coldest Seasons

The Origin of Counting Nines: Wisdom in Winter

The tradition of “Counting of Nines” dates back over 1,400 years to the Northern and Southern Dynasties in China. It is a practical and poetic system for tracking the coldest days of winter and anticipating the arrival of spring. The practice begins on the Winter Solstice (Dongzhi), which is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Why start on the Winter Solstice? While this day receives the least amount of solar energy, the ground still retains residual heat from autumn. The real deep cold sets in afterward, as the earth loses more heat than it absorbs. This cumulative heat loss peaks during the third and fourth “nines,” making them the most frigid periods of the year. This demonstrates the ancient Chinese understanding of a key climatic principle: the lag effect. The coldest days of winter arrive well after the day with the least sunlight.

In Chinese culture, the number nine is considered a “yang” or positive number. It is the largest single digit, symbolizing an apex. The repeated accumulation of this “yang” number signifies the gradual decline of “yin” (cold, dark energy) and the steady return of warmth and light. Essentially, “Counting of Nines” is a hopeful countdown to spring.

How to Count the Nines: An 81-Day Journey

The method is simple. Starting from the Winter Solstice, every nine-day period marks one “nine.” This continues for a total of 81 days, covering the major solar terms of Minor Cold, Major Cold, Start of Spring, Rain Water, and Awakening of Insects.

Here is a general timeline for the 2025-2026 winter season:

After the 81 days are complete, it is said that spring has truly arrived.

Folk Rhymes: The “Nine-Nine Songs”

Without modern weather forecasts, people in ancient China relied on experience passed down through generations. The “Nine-Nine Songs” (九九歌) are catchy folk rhymes that describe the weather changes and agricultural activities during each nine-day period. Because of China’s vast territory, these songs vary by region.

A widely known version from Northern China goes:

This simple rhyme paints a vivid picture of the transition from deep winter to vibrant spring, serving as both a weather guide and a reminder of the agricultural calendar.

Artistic Pastimes: The “Nine-Nine Dispersing Cold Pictures”

To make the long wait for spring more engaging, ancient Chinese people developed artistic customs. The “Nine-Nine Dispersing Cold Pictures” (九九消寒图) turned the 81-day countdown into a creative and mindful activity.

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These practices transformed a period of cold and inactivity into a ritual of patience, observation, and artistic expression, reflecting a deep philosophical acceptance of nature’s cycles.

Conclusion: Enduring Wisdom for Modern Times

The tradition of “Counting of Nines” is more than just a folk calendar. It is a beautiful testament to the observational skills and wisdom of ancient Chinese people. It combines practical meteorology with poetry, art, and philosophy, teaching a lesson of patience and harmony with the natural world. In our modern era of instant forecasts, this custom reminds us to slow down, observe the subtle changes in the seasons, and appreciate the slow, steady, and inevitable return of spring after a long, cold winter.